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Keywords: Aryl hydrocarbon receptor
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Articles

The kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism: a neglected therapeutic target of COVID-19 pathophysiology and immunotherapy

Open Access
Abdulla Abu-Bakr Badawy
Journal: Bioscience Reports
Biosci Rep (2023) 43 (8): BSR20230595.
https://doi.org/10.1042/BSR20230595
Published: 07 August 2023
... but could additionally involve increased flux of plasma free Trp and induction of Trp 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) by cortisol. The major Kyn metabolite targeted by COVID-19 is kynurenic acid (KA), the Kyn metabolite with the greatest affinity for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), which is also activated...
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Articles

Tryptophan metabolism and disposition in cancer biology and immunotherapy

Open Access
Abdulla A.-B. Badawy
Journal: Bioscience Reports
Biosci Rep (2022) 42 (11): BSR20221682.
https://doi.org/10.1042/BSR20221682
Published: 11 November 2022
... phosphoribosyltransferase (QPRT) are up-regulated in a few, but down-regulated in many, cancers. This results in accumulation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligand kynurenic acid and in depriving the host of NAD + by blocking its synthesis from quinolinic acid. The host loses more NAD + by up-regulation of the NAD...
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Articles

Immunotherapy of COVID-19 with poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors: starting with nicotinamide

Open Access
Abdulla A.-B. Badawy
Journal: Bioscience Reports
Biosci Rep (2020) 40 (10): BSR20202856.
https://doi.org/10.1042/BSR20202856
Published: 30 October 2020
...Abdulla A.-B. Badawy COVID-19 induces a proinflammatory environment that is stronger in patients requiring intensive care. The cytokine components of this environment may determine efficacy or otherwise of glucocorticoid therapy. The immunity modulators, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR...
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