... annulus fibrosus apoptosis high glucose intervertebral disc degeneration JNK p38 MAPK This article is one of twenty-five publications being retracted from Bioscience Reports at the request of the Editor-in-Chief and the Editorial Board following receipt of a notification from...

...-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. In addition, activity of the C-Jun NH 2 -terminal kinases (JNK) pathway and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway was evaluated by Western blot. Compared with the control group, high glucose culture increased cell apoptosis ratio...

... of apoptosis, which was followed by release of mitochondrial cytochrome c to cytosol, activation of caspase-3 and -9, as well as cleaved PARP. Moreover, Western blot results confirmed that Piperine (8, 16, and 20 μM) decreased phosphorylation of JNK and p38 MAPK in A2780 cells. In addition, caspase-3 inhibitor...