... and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC BY) . biomarkers COVID-19 estrogen immune responses sex-specific The coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) [ 1–3 ], is a huge...

...Abbas Jawad Al-Shabany; Alan John Moody; Andrew David Foey; Richard Andrew Billington Metabolism and immune responses have been shown to be closely linked and as our understanding increases, so do the intricacies of the level of linkage. NAD + has previously been shown to regulate tumour necrosis...

...F. Brown The vaccines against infectious diseases in use today are, with few exceptions, prepared from the causal agents themselves, either by inactivating them with a chemical such as formaldehyde or by attenuating them so that they grow and thus evoke an immune response in the natural host...