... and neuronal functions. Trp metabolism is the top pathway influenced by COVID-19. Sixteen studies established virus-induced activation of the KP mediated mainly by induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) in most affected tissues and of IDO2 in lung by the increased release of proinflammatory cytokines...

... (qPCR) and Western blotting were used to detect changes in the expression of critical genes in the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signalling pathway. ELISA was used to measure the levels of seven proinflammatory cytokines–interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-6, IL-8, IL-12...

... that miR-26a attenuated saturated free fatty acid-induced activation of NF-κB (p65) and production of proinflammatory cytokines in chondrocytes. Meanwhile, NF-κB (p65) also suppressed miR-26a production by directly binding to a predicted NF-κB binding element in the promoter region of miR-26a . Finally, we...

...E. Carlstedt; P. Ridefelt; L. Lind; J. Rastad Calcium disturbances in the critically ill coincide with elevations of proinflammatory cytokines. The effects of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) on parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion were investigated. IL-6 and TNF-α had...