Bradykinin, a nonapeptide with vasodilatory and permeabilizing activity, is generated through the cleavage of high-Mr (‘high-molecular-weight’) kininogen by kallikrein, and its generation is facilitated by plasmin. In the ascitic fluid of patients with cirrhosis, there is massive cleavage of high-Mr kininogen and activation of fibrinolysis, but bradykinin has never been measured directly. In the ascitic fluid of 24 patients with cirrhosis, we measured bradykinin-(1-9)-nonapeptide levels by RIA after liquid-phase and subsequent HPLC extraction, and those of its catabolic product bradykininin-(1-5)-pentapeptide by ELISA after liquid-phase extraction. Cleaved high-Mr kininogen, activated factor XII and plasmin-antiplasmin complexes were measured in ascitic fluid and plasma. Plasma renin activity (PRA) was also determined. As a control, we also analysed plasma from 24 healthy subjects matched for sex and age with the patients. In the ascitic fluid from patients with cirrhosis, the median bradykinin-(1-9) concentration was 3.3fmol/ml (range 0.2-29.0fmol/ml), and the median bradykinin-(1-5) concentration was 210fmol/ml (range 58-7825 fmol/ml). The levels of bradykinin-(1-5) in ascitic fluid were higher in patients with refractory ascites [median 1091fmol/ml (range 58-7825fmol/ml)] than in patients with responsive ascites [134 fmol/ml (72-1084fmol/ml)] (P = 0.010). Ascitic fluid levels of bradykinin-(1-9) were not related to the severity of ascites. PRA was higher in patients with refractory ascites [23.0ngċh-1ċml-1 (7.9-80.0ngċh-1ċml-1)] than in patients with responsive ascites [6.9ngċh-1ċml-1 (0.9-29.4ngċh-1ċml-1)] (P = 0.002). In ascitic fluid, 48% (19-68%) of high-Mr kininogen was cleaved, and plasmin-antiplasmin complexes were more concentrated than in plasma (P = 0.0001). In conclusion, in the ascitic fluid of patients with cirrhosis, both bradykinin-(1-9) and bradykinin-(1-5) are present, with cleavage of high-Mr kininogen and activation of fibrinolysis. The highest levels of the long-lived metabolite bradykinin-(1-5) were found in the ascitic fluid of patients with refractory ascites and high PRA. Activation of the kinin system may therefore be involved in decompensating cirrhosis, but a cause-effect relationship remains to be established.
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December 2001
Research Article|
November 20 2001
Bradykinin in the ascitic fluid of patients with liver cirrhosis
Massimo CUGNO;
*Department of Internal Medicine, University of Milan, Maggiore Hospital IRCCS, Via Pace 15, 20122 Milan, Italy
Correspondence: Dr Massimo Cugno (e-mail massimo.cugno@unimi.it).
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Francesco SALERNO;
Francesco SALERNO
*Department of Internal Medicine, University of Milan, Maggiore Hospital IRCCS, Via Pace 15, 20122 Milan, Italy
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Jürg NUSSBERGER;
Jürg NUSSBERGER
†Hypertension Division, University Hospital Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Bianca BOTTASSO;
Bianca BOTTASSO
*Department of Internal Medicine, University of Milan, Maggiore Hospital IRCCS, Via Pace 15, 20122 Milan, Italy
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Elettra LORENZANO;
Elettra LORENZANO
*Department of Internal Medicine, University of Milan, Maggiore Hospital IRCCS, Via Pace 15, 20122 Milan, Italy
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Angelo AGOSTONI
Angelo AGOSTONI
*Department of Internal Medicine, University of Milan, Maggiore Hospital IRCCS, Via Pace 15, 20122 Milan, Italy
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Clin Sci (Lond) (2001) 101 (6): 651–657.
Article history
Received:
February 22 2001
Revision Received:
June 08 2001
Accepted:
August 02 2001
Citation
Massimo CUGNO, Francesco SALERNO, Jürg NUSSBERGER, Bianca BOTTASSO, Elettra LORENZANO, Angelo AGOSTONI; Bradykinin in the ascitic fluid of patients with liver cirrhosis. Clin Sci (Lond) 1 December 2001; 101 (6): 651–657. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/cs1010651
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