DP (dipeptidyl peptidase) IV is the archetypal member of its six-member gene family. Four members of this family, DPIV, FAP (fibroblast activation protein), DP8 and DP9, have a rare substrate specificity, hydrolysis of a prolyl bond two residues from the N-terminus. The ubiquitous DPIV glycoprotein has proved interesting in the fields of immunology, endocrinology, haematology and endothelial cell and cancer biology and DPIV has become a novel target for Type II diabetes therapy. The crystal structure shows that the soluble form of DPIV comprises two domains, an α/β-hydrolase domain and an eight-blade β-propeller domain. The propeller domain contains the ADA (adenosine deaminase) binding site, a dimerization site, antibody epitopes and two openings for substrate access to the internal active site. FAP is structurally very similar to DPIV, but FAP protein expression is largely confined to diseased and damaged tissue, notably the tissue remodelling interface in chronically injured liver. DPIV has a variety of peptide substrates, the best studied being GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1), NPY (neuropeptide Y) and CXCL12. The DPIV family has roles in bone marrow mobilization. The functional interactions of DPIV and FAP with extracellular matrix confer roles for these proteins in cancer biology. DP8 and DP9 are widely distributed and indirectly implicated in immune function. The DPL (DP-like) glycoproteins that lack peptidase activity, DPL1 and DPL2, are brain-expressed potassium channel modulators. Thus the six members of the DPIV gene family exhibit diverse biological roles.
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April 2005
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Review Article|
March 22 2005
Dipeptidyl peptidase IV and related enzymes in cell biology and liver disorders
Mark D. GORRELL
1A.W. Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology and Discipline of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Correspondence: Dr Mark D. Gorrell (email [email protected]).
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Publisher: Portland Press Ltd
Received:
October 18 2004
Revision Received:
December 07 2004
Accepted:
December 08 2004
Accepted Manuscript online:
December 08 2004
Online ISSN: 1470-8736
Print ISSN: 0143-5221
The Biochemical Society
2005
Clin Sci (Lond) (2005) 108 (4): 277–292.
Article history
Received:
October 18 2004
Revision Received:
December 07 2004
Accepted:
December 08 2004
Accepted Manuscript online:
December 08 2004
Citation
Mark D. GORRELL; Dipeptidyl peptidase IV and related enzymes in cell biology and liver disorders. Clin Sci (Lond) 1 April 2005; 108 (4): 277–292. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20040302
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