The concurrence of visceral obesity, insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia comprises the concept of the metabolic syndrome. The metabolic syndrome is an escalating problem in developed and developing societies that tracks with the obesity epidemic. Dyslipidaemia in the metabolic syndrome is potently atherogenic and, hence, is a major risk factor for CVD (cardiovascular disease) in these subjects. It is globally characterized by hypertriglyceridaemia, near normal LDL (low-density lipoprotein)-cholesterol and low plasma HDL (high-density lipoprotein)-cholesterol. ApoC-III (apolipoprotein C-III), an important regulator of lipoprotein metabolism, is strongly associated with hypertriglyceridaemia and the progression of CVD. ApoC-III impairs the lipolysis of TRLs [triacylglycerol (triglyceride)-rich lipoproteins] by inhibiting lipoprotein lipase and the hepatic uptake of TRLs by remnant receptors. In the circulation, apoC-III is associated with TRLs and HDL, and freely exchanges among these lipoprotein particle systems. However, to fully understand the complex physiology and pathophysiology requires the application of tracer methodology and mathematical modelling. In addition, experimental evidence shows that apoC-III may also have a direct role in atherosclerosis. In the metabolic syndrome, increased apoC-III concentration, resulting from hepatic overproduction of VLDL (very-LDL) apoC-III, is strongly associated with delayed catabolism of triacylglycerols and TRLs. Several therapies pertinent to the metabolic syndrome, such as PPAR (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor) agonists and statins, can regulate apoC-III transport in the metabolic syndrome. Regulating apoC-III metabolism may be an important new therapeutic approach to managing dyslipidaemia and CVD risk in the metabolic syndrome.
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May 2008
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Review Article|
April 14 2008
Apolipoprotein C-III: understanding an emerging cardiovascular risk factor
Esther M. M. Ooi;
Esther M. M. Ooi
1Metabolic Research Centre, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, GPO Box X2213, Perth, WA 6847, Australia
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P. Hugh R. Barrett;
P. Hugh R. Barrett
1Metabolic Research Centre, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, GPO Box X2213, Perth, WA 6847, Australia
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Dick C. Chan;
Dick C. Chan
1Metabolic Research Centre, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, GPO Box X2213, Perth, WA 6847, Australia
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Gerald F. Watts
1Metabolic Research Centre, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, GPO Box X2213, Perth, WA 6847, Australia
Correspondence: Professor Gerald F. Watts (email [email protected]).
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Publisher: Portland Press Ltd
Received:
September 03 2007
Revision Received:
November 19 2007
Accepted:
December 12 2007
Online ISSN: 1470-8736
Print ISSN: 0143-5221
© The Authors Journal compilation © 2008 Biochemical Society
2008
Clin Sci (Lond) (2008) 114 (10): 611–624.
Article history
Received:
September 03 2007
Revision Received:
November 19 2007
Accepted:
December 12 2007
Citation
Esther M. M. Ooi, P. Hugh R. Barrett, Dick C. Chan, Gerald F. Watts; Apolipoprotein C-III: understanding an emerging cardiovascular risk factor. Clin Sci (Lond) 1 May 2008; 114 (10): 611–624. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20070308
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