The RAS (renin–angiotensin system) is composed of two arms: the pressor arm containing AngII (angiotensin II)/ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme)/AT1Rs (AngII type 1 receptors), and the depressor arm represented by Ang-(1–7) [angiotensin-(1–7)]/ACE2/Mas receptors. All of the components of the RAS are present in the brain. Within the brain, Ang-(1–7) contributes to the regulation of BP (blood pressure) by acting at regions that control cardiovascular function such that, when Ang-(1–7) is injected into the nucleus of the solitary tract, caudal ventrolateral medulla, paraventricular nucleus or anterior hypothalamic area, a reduction in BP occurs; however, when injected into the rostral ventrolateral medulla, Ang-(1–7) stimulates an increase in BP. In contrast with AngII, Ang-(1–7) improves baroreflex sensitivity and has an inhibitory neuromodulatory role in hypothalamic noradrenergic neurotransmission. Ang-(1–7) not only exerts effects related to BP regulation, but also acts as a cerebroprotective component of the RAS by reducing cerebral infarct size and neuronal apoptosis. In the present review, we provide an overview of effects elicited by Ang-(1–7) in the brain, which suggest a potential role for Ang-(1–7) in controlling the central development of hypertension.
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May 07 2014
Protective axis of the renin–angiotensin system in the brain Available to Purchase
Mariela M. Gironacci;
*Departamento de Química Biológica, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas-CONICET, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Correspondence: Professor Mariela M. Gironacci (email [email protected]).
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Flavia M. Cerniello;
Flavia M. Cerniello
*Departamento de Química Biológica, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas-CONICET, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Nadia A. Longo Carbajosa;
Nadia A. Longo Carbajosa
*Departamento de Química Biológica, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas-CONICET, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Jorge Goldstein;
Jorge Goldstein
†Laboratorio de Neurofisiopatología, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofisica “Houssay”-CONICET-UBA, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Bruno D. Cerrato
Bruno D. Cerrato
*Departamento de Química Biológica, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas-CONICET, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Publisher: Portland Press Ltd
Received:
August 02 2013
Revision Received:
March 12 2014
Accepted:
April 01 2014
Online ISSN: 1470-8736
Print ISSN: 0143-5221
© The Authors Journal compilation © 2014 Biochemical Society
2014
Clin Sci (Lond) (2014) 127 (5): 295–306.
Article history
Received:
August 02 2013
Revision Received:
March 12 2014
Accepted:
April 01 2014
Citation
Mariela M. Gironacci, Flavia M. Cerniello, Nadia A. Longo Carbajosa, Jorge Goldstein, Bruno D. Cerrato; Protective axis of the renin–angiotensin system in the brain. Clin Sci (Lond) 1 September 2014; 127 (5): 295–306. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20130450
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