The phagocyte NADPH oxidase NOX2 produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) and is a well-known player in host defence. However, there is also increasing evidence for a regulatory role of NOX2 in adaptive immunity. Deficiency in phagocyte NADPH oxidase causes chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) in humans, a condition that can also be studied in CGD mice. Clinical observations in CGD patients suggest a higher susceptibility to autoimmune diseases, in particular lupus, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and rheumatoid arthritis. In mice, a strong correlation exists between a polymorphism in a NOX2 subunit and the development of autoimmune arthritis. NOX2 deficiency in mice also favours lupus development. Both CGD patients and CGD mice exhibit increased levels of immunoglobulins, including autoantibodies. Despite these phenotypes suggesting a role for NOX2 in specific immunity, mechanistic explanations for the typical increase of CGD in autoimmune disease and antibody levels are still preliminary. NOX2-dependent ROS generation is well documented for dendritic cells and B-lymphocytes. It is unclear whether T-lymphocytes produce ROS themselves or whether they are exposed to ROS derived from dendritic cells during the process of antigen presentation. ROS are signalling molecules in virtually any cell type, including T- and B-lymphocytes. However, knowledge about the impact of ROS-dependent signalling on T- and B-lymphocyte phenotype and response is still limited. ROS might contribute to Th1/Th2/Th17 cell fate decisions during T-lymphocyte activation and might enhance immunoglobulin production by B-lymphocytes. In dendritic cells, NOX2-derived ROS might be important for antigen processing and cell activation.
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February 20 2015
Phagocyte NADPH oxidase and specific immunity
Julien Cachat;
Julien Cachat
*Department of Pathology and Immunology, Medical Faculty and University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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Christine Deffert;
Christine Deffert
†Geneva University Hospital, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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Stephanie Hugues;
Stephanie Hugues
*Department of Pathology and Immunology, Medical Faculty and University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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Karl-Heinz Krause
*Department of Pathology and Immunology, Medical Faculty and University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
Correspondence: Prof Karl-Heinz Krause (email [email protected])
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Publisher: Portland Press Ltd
Received:
October 08 2014
Revision Received:
December 01 2014
Accepted:
December 18 2014
Online ISSN: 1470-8736
Print ISSN: 0143-5221
© The Authors Journal compilation © 2015 Biochemical Society
2015
Clin Sci (Lond) (2015) 128 (10): 635–648.
Article history
Received:
October 08 2014
Revision Received:
December 01 2014
Accepted:
December 18 2014
Citation
Julien Cachat, Christine Deffert, Stephanie Hugues, Karl-Heinz Krause; Phagocyte NADPH oxidase and specific immunity. Clin Sci (Lond) 1 May 2015; 128 (10): 635–648. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20140635
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