Neurotrophins, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), are prominent regulators of neuronal survival, growth and differentiation during development. While trophic factors are viewed as well-understood but not innovative molecules, there are many lines of evidence indicating that BDNF plays an important role in the pathophysiology of many neurodegenerative disorders, depression, anxiety and other psychiatric disorders. In particular, lower levels of BDNF are associated with the aetiology of Alzheimer's and Huntington's diseases. A major challenge is to explain how neurotrophins are able to induce plasticity, improve learning and memory and prevent age-dependent cognitive decline through receptor signalling. This article will review the mechanism of action of neurotrophins and how BDNF/tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) receptor signaling can dictate trophic responses and change brain plasticity through activity-dependent stimulation. Alternative approaches for modulating BDNF/TrkB signalling to deliver relevant clinical outcomes in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders will also be described.
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January 2017
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Masson staining of rat liver specimens. Please see pp. 159-168 for more information. Image provided by Xujiong Li.
Review Article|
December 01 2016
Neurotrophin signalling: novel insights into mechanisms and pathophysiology
Mariela Mitre;
*Neuroscience and Physiology and Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, U.S.A.
†Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, U.S.A.
Correspondence: Dr Mariela Mitre (email [email protected]).
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Abigail Mariga;
Abigail Mariga
†Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, U.S.A.
‡Departments of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, U.S.A.
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Moses V. Chao
Moses V. Chao
*Neuroscience and Physiology and Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, U.S.A.
†Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, U.S.A.
‡Departments of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, U.S.A.
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Publisher: Portland Press Ltd
Received:
January 18 2016
Revision Received:
July 18 2016
Accepted:
August 09 2016
Online ISSN: 1470-8736
Print ISSN: 0143-5221
© 2016 The Author(s). published by Portland Press Limited on behalf of the Biochemical Society
2016
Clin Sci (Lond) (2017) 131 (1): 13–23.
Article history
Received:
January 18 2016
Revision Received:
July 18 2016
Accepted:
August 09 2016
Citation
Mariela Mitre, Abigail Mariga, Moses V. Chao; Neurotrophin signalling: novel insights into mechanisms and pathophysiology. Clin Sci (Lond) 1 January 2017; 131 (1): 13–23. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20160044
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