Cerebral hypoperfusion is an early feature of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) that influences the progression from mild cognitive impairment to dementia. Understanding the mechanism is of critical importance in the search for new effective therapies. We hypothesized that cerebral hypoperfusion promotes the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) and degenerative changes in the brain and is a potential mechanism contributing to development of dementia. To address this, we studied the effects of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion induced by bilateral carotid artery stenosis on Aβ peptide pools in a transgenic mouse model of AD (transgenic mice with Swedish, Dutch and Iowa mutations in human amyloid precursor protein (APP) (Tg-SwDI)). Cerebrovascular integrity was characterized by quantifying the occurrence of microinfarcts and haemorrhages and compared with wild-type mice without Aβ. A significant increase in soluble Aβ peptides (Aβ40/42) was detected after 1 month of hypoperfusion in the parenchyma in parallel with elevated APP and APP proteolytic products. Following 3 months, a significant increase in insoluble Aβ40/42 was determined in the parenchyma and vasculature. Microinfarct load was significantly increased in the Tg-SwDI as compared with wild-type mice and further exacerbated by hypoperfusion at 1 and 3 months. In addition, the number of Tg-SwDI hypoperfused mice with haemorrhages was increased compared with hypoperfused wild-type mice. Soluble parenchymal Aβ was associated with elevated NADPH oxidase-2 (NOX2) which was exacerbated by 1-month hypoperfusion. We suggest that in response to hypoperfusion, increased Aβ production/deposition may contribute to degenerative processes by triggering oxidative stress promoting cerebrovascular disruption and the development of microinfarcts.
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Research Article|
July 24 2017
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion alters amyloid-β peptide pools leading to cerebral amyloid angiopathy, microinfarcts and haemorrhages in Tg-SwDI mice
Natalia Salvadores;
Natalia Salvadores
1Centre for Neuroregeneration, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH164SB, U.K.
2Center for Integrative Biology, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
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James L. Searcy;
James L. Searcy
1Centre for Neuroregeneration, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH164SB, U.K.
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Philip R. Holland;
Philip R. Holland
1Centre for Neuroregeneration, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH164SB, U.K.
3Headache Group, Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, U.K.
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Karen Horsburgh
1Centre for Neuroregeneration, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH164SB, U.K.
4Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh EH89JZ, U.K.
Correspondence: Karen Horsburgh ([email protected])
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Publisher: Portland Press Ltd
Received:
April 06 2017
Revision Received:
June 22 2017
Accepted:
June 29 2017
Accepted Manuscript online:
June 30 2017
Online ISSN: 1470-8736
Print ISSN: 0143-5221
© 2017 The Author(s). Published by Portland Press Limited on behalf of the Biochemical Society
2017
Clin Sci (Lond) (2017) 131 (16): 2109–2123.
Article history
Received:
April 06 2017
Revision Received:
June 22 2017
Accepted:
June 29 2017
Accepted Manuscript online:
June 30 2017
Citation
Natalia Salvadores, James L. Searcy, Philip R. Holland, Karen Horsburgh; Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion alters amyloid-β peptide pools leading to cerebral amyloid angiopathy, microinfarcts and haemorrhages in Tg-SwDI mice. Clin Sci (Lond) 15 August 2017; 131 (16): 2109–2123. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20170962
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