Streptococcus pneumoniae and influenza are the world's foremost bacterial and viral respiratory pathogens. We have previously described a γ-irradiated influenza A virus (γ-FLU) vaccine that provides cross-protective immunity against heterosubtypic infections. More recently, we reported a novel non-adjuvanted γ-irradiated S. pneumoniae (γ-PN) vaccine that elicits serotype-independent protection. Considering the clinical synergism of both pathogens, combination of a serotype-independent pneumococcal vaccine with a broad-spectrum influenza vaccine to protect against both infections would have a considerable clinical impact. In the present study, we co-immunized C57BL/6 mice intranasally (IN) with a mixture of γ-PN (whole inactivated cells) and γ-FLU (whole inactivated virions) and examined protective efficacy. Co-immunization enhanced γ-PN vaccine efficacy against virulent pneumococcal challenge, which was dependent on CD4+ T-cell responses. In contrast, vaccination with γ-PN alone, co-immunization enhanced pneumococcal-specific effector T-helper 17 cell (Th17) and Th1 memory cell, promoted development of CD4+ tissue-resident memory (TRM) cells and enhanced Pneumococcus-specific antibody responses. Furthermore, co-immunization elicited significant protection against lethal influenza challenge, as well as against co-infection with both influenza and S. pneumoniae. This is the first report showing the synergistic effect of combining whole cell and whole virion vaccines to both S. pneumoniae and influenza as a single vaccine to protect against individual and co-infection, without compromising pathogen-specific immunity.
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Masson staining of rat liver specimens. Please see pp. 159-168 for more information. Image provided by Xujiong Li.
Research Article|
December 23 2016
Enhanced protective responses to a serotype-independent pneumococcal vaccine when combined with an inactivated influenza vaccine
Rachelle Babb;
Rachelle Babb
*Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
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Austen Chen;
Austen Chen
*Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
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Abiodun D. Ogunniyi;
Abiodun D. Ogunniyi
1
*Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
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Timothy R. Hirst;
Timothy R. Hirst
*Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
†Gamma Vaccines Pty Ltd., Mountbatten Park, Yarralumla ACT 2600, Australia
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Ervin E. Kara;
Ervin E. Kara
*Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
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Shaun R. McColl;
Shaun R. McColl
*Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
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Mohammed Alsharifi;
Mohammed Alsharifi
2
*Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
†Gamma Vaccines Pty Ltd., Mountbatten Park, Yarralumla ACT 2600, Australia
Correspondence: Mohammed Alsharifi (email [email protected]) or James C. Paton (email [email protected])
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James C. Paton
James C. Paton
2
*Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
Correspondence: Mohammed Alsharifi (email [email protected]) or James C. Paton (email [email protected])
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Publisher: Portland Press Ltd
Received:
June 25 2016
Revision Received:
November 10 2016
Accepted:
November 23 2016
Accepted Manuscript online:
November 24 2016
Online ISSN: 1470-8736
Print ISSN: 0143-5221
© 2016 The Author(s). published by Portland Press Limited on behalf of the Biochemical Society
2016
Clin Sci (Lond) (2017) 131 (2): 169–180.
Article history
Received:
June 25 2016
Revision Received:
November 10 2016
Accepted:
November 23 2016
Accepted Manuscript online:
November 24 2016
Citation
Rachelle Babb, Austen Chen, Abiodun D. Ogunniyi, Timothy R. Hirst, Ervin E. Kara, Shaun R. McColl, Mohammed Alsharifi, James C. Paton; Enhanced protective responses to a serotype-independent pneumococcal vaccine when combined with an inactivated influenza vaccine. Clin Sci (Lond) 1 January 2017; 131 (2): 169–180. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20160475
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