Oral vaccines (OVs), provide protection against pathogens that infect mucosal surfaces and their potency relies on their capacity to elicit T- and B-cell responses directed to these surfaces. Oral vaccination efficacy has been found to vary considerably with differences in geographical locations and socioeconomic status. Specifically, in children living in resource-poor countries, undernourishment and chronic gastrointestinal (GI) infection are associated with the failure of OVs, which is a tragic outcome for the children who would benefit most from mucosal-based protection from infection. Both undernutrition and GI infection have been shown to profoundly affect the microbiota, inducing ‘dysbiosis’ characterized by narrowed bacterial diversity and increased frequency of bacterial clades associated with the induction of inflammation. Recent studies have demonstrated that the microbiota exerts a profound effect on the development of mucosal immune responses. Therefore, it seems likely that OV failure in resource-poor regions is affected by alterations to the immune response driven by dysbiotic changes to the microbiota. Here, we review the contribution of the microbiota to OV efficacy in the context of diet and GI infection.
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June 2018
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Double immunofluorescence staining for mindin (red) and CD68 (green) in atherosclerotic plaques of HFD-treated APOE-/- mice. In Issue 11 of Clinical Science, Zhu et al. discuss mindin deficiency as a novel mediator in protecting against foam cell formation and atherosclerosis, through direct interaction with LXR-β; for details, see pages 1199–1213.
Review Article|
June 15 2018
Role of nutrition, infection, and the microbiota in the efficacy of oral vaccines
Amrita Bhattacharjee;
Amrita Bhattacharjee
1Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, U.S.A.
2Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, U.S.A.
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Timothy W. Hand
1Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, U.S.A.
2Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, U.S.A.
3Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, U.S.A.
Correspondence: Timothy W. Hand ([email protected])
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Publisher: Portland Press Ltd
Received:
February 26 2018
Revision Received:
May 15 2018
Accepted:
May 21 2018
Online ISSN: 1470-8736
Print ISSN: 0143-5221
© 2018 The Author(s). Published by Portland Press Limited on behalf of the Biochemical Society
2018
Clin Sci (Lond) (2018) 132 (11): 1169–1177.
Article history
Received:
February 26 2018
Revision Received:
May 15 2018
Accepted:
May 21 2018
Citation
Amrita Bhattacharjee, Timothy W. Hand; Role of nutrition, infection, and the microbiota in the efficacy of oral vaccines. Clin Sci (Lond) 14 June 2018; 132 (11): 1169–1177. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20171106
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