The recognition of sex differences in cardiovascular disease, particularly the manifestations of coronary artery disease (CAD) in post-menopausal women, has introduced new challenges in not only understanding disease mechanisms but also identifying appropriate clinical means of assessing the efficacy of management strategies. For example, the majority of treatment algorithms for CAD are derived from the study of males, focus on epicardial stenoses, and inadequately account for the small intramyocardial vessel disease in women. However, newer investigational modalities, including stress perfusion cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography are providing enhanced diagnostic accuracy and prognostication for women with microvascular disease. Moreover, these investigations may soon be complemented by simpler screening tools such as retinal vasculature imaging, as well as novel biomarkers (e.g. heat shock protein 27). Hence, it is vital that robust, sex-specific cardiovascular imaging modalities and biomarkers continue to be developed and are incorporated into practice guidelines that are used to manage women with CAD, as well as gauge the efficacy of any new treatment modalities. This review provides an overview of some of the sex differences in CAD and highlights emerging advances in the investigation of CAD in post-menopausal women.
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September 2018
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A scanning electron micrograph (digitally altered and colourized, 4000× magnification) depicting a mesenchymal stem cell (orange) encapsulated in a self-assembling peptide hydrogel. In volume 132, issue 17 of Clinical Science, McFetridge et al. discuss the use of hydrogel materials to unlock the potential of stem cell therapy to treat chronic kidney disease. This image was provided by the authors and produced in collaboration with Dr Simon Crawford at the Ramaciotti Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy, and the Monash Teaching Resource Support Unit.
Review Article|
September 05 2018
Coronary artery disease in post-menopausal women: are there appropriate means of assessment?
Michael H. Chiu;
Michael H. Chiu
1Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Bobak Heydari;
Bobak Heydari
1Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Zarah Batulan;
Zarah Batulan
1Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Nadia Maarouf;
Nadia Maarouf
1Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Vinita Subramanya;
Vinita Subramanya
2Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, U.S.A.
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Karin Schenck-Gustafsson;
Karin Schenck-Gustafsson
3Department of Medicine, Cardiac Unit and Centre for Gender Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Edward R. O’Brien
1Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
Correspondence: Edward R. O’Brien ([email protected])
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Publisher: Portland Press Ltd
Received:
January 22 2018
Revision Received:
August 07 2018
Accepted:
August 10 2018
Online ISSN: 1470-8736
Print ISSN: 0143-5221
© 2018 The Author(s). Published by Portland Press Limited on behalf of the Biochemical Society
2018
Clin Sci (Lond) (2018) 132 (17): 1937–1952.
Article history
Received:
January 22 2018
Revision Received:
August 07 2018
Accepted:
August 10 2018
Citation
Michael H. Chiu, Bobak Heydari, Zarah Batulan, Nadia Maarouf, Vinita Subramanya, Karin Schenck-Gustafsson, Edward R. O’Brien; Coronary artery disease in post-menopausal women: are there appropriate means of assessment?. Clin Sci (Lond) 14 September 2018; 132 (17): 1937–1952. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20180067
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