... of abnormal fetal growth (33). Interestingly, inhibition of placental mTOR decreases the weight of female but not male fetuses (45). However, compelling mechanistic evidence for the key role of trophoblast mTOR in regulating placental function and fetal growth is lacking. Homozygous mTOR knockout embryos die...

... fetuses of the same postconceptional age [ 10 ]. Nevertheless, studying the response of the preterm fetus to lipid emulsion PN may help elucidate the particular physiological responses to high lipid exposure, without the other physiological challenges required for survival in the clinical setting...

... between 09:00 and 10:00, the pregnant dams were anaesthetised with isoflurane by inhalation (4% in oxygen at 2 L/min), and maternal blood was collected by cardiac puncture. Dams were killed by cervical dislocation after which placentas and fetuses were harvested rapidly. Individual fetal blood samples...

.... Glycine may become conditionally essential, as its rate of endogenous formation is inadequate to meet metabolic needs, and may be limiting for the normal development of the fetus. In the present study, five groups of Wistar rats were provided during pregnancy with one of five diets: a control diet...

...D. J. P. BARKER 1. Many human fetuses have to adapt to a limited supply of nutrients. In doing so they permanently change their structure and metabolism. 2. These ‘programmed' changes may be the origins of a number of diseases in later life, including coronary heart disease and the related...

... ). There was no change in the umbilical ( A - V ) concentration of oxytocin if morphine had been given to the mother in labour; this applied to fetuses delivered vaginally or by Caesarean section. When the fetuses who were exposed to morphine were analysed separately, there was no correlation between the umbilical vein...

... increase occurring after 24 weeks when the fetus was in the active state. In addition, increased cardio- somatic coupling has been observed during gestation Similar gender differences in organ maturation have been observed both in human and animal fetuses. There appears to be an increased incidence...

... data of this sample are given in Table 1. All fetuses were appropriately grown for gestational age. Ethical committee approval All subjects gave informed, written consent and ethical approval was granted by the North Stafford- shire District Ethical Committee, North Stafford- shire Hospitals...

... fetuses exposed to low protein diets [28], or the vascular system could mediate the observed hypertension. Linear regression analysis indicated a relationship between the reduced protein intakes of the mothers, and the systolic blood pressure of the offspring. Although there was evidence that the 6...