... nmol/l) and/or TGFβ RI kinase inhibitor (TGFRIi, 100 nmol/l) for 24 h. Rapamycin induced SMAD phosphorylation (SMAD1, SMAD2, and SMAD5) and PAI-1 up-regulation, which was specifically abrogated by SMAD2 knockdown. TGFRIi efficiently blocked phosphorylation of SMAD2, but not SMAD1/5. Interestingly...

... in Crohn's disease (PCT Pub. No. WO2004/087920). 6 7 2015 5 8 2014 19 8 2015 © 2015 Authors; published by Portland Press Limited 2015 Crohn's disease collagen extracellular matrix Smad TGF-β1 Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory disorder that can affect any...

... Smad • HSC activation is a key element in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. miR-31 has recently emerged as an important regulator in fibrosis disease. The aim of the present study was to determine its role in liver fibrosis. • Levels of miR-31 was significantly increased in human...

...Xiao-Ming Meng; Arthur C. K. Chung; Hui Y. Lan TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β) and BMP-7 (bone morphogenetic protein-7), two key members in the TGF-β superfamily, play important but diverse roles in CKDs (chronic kidney diseases). Both TGF-β and BMP-7 share similar downstream Smad signalling...

... that, by inhibiting the TGF-β/Smad pathway, Ac-SDKP protects against the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. © The Authors Journal compilation © 2010 Biochemical Society 2010 angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) diabetic cardiomyopathy echocardiography fibrosis N -acetyl-seryl-aspartyl...