... Press Limited on behalf of the Biochemical Society 2021 Peritoneal macrophages from mice treated postnatally with LPS were stimulated ex vivo with toll-like receptor (TLR) 1/2 agonist Pam3Cys or TLR 4 agonist LPS, as the trained immune response is not specific to the stimulus...

...’. Recent advancements on the molecular and cellular levels have shaken the traditional view of adaptive and innate immunity. The innate immune memory or ‘trained immunity’ based on metabolic changes and epigenetic reprogramming is a complementary process insuring adaptation of host defense to previous...

...Kathrin Thiem; Rinke Stienstra; Niels P. Riksen; Samuel T. Keating Trained immunity is a recently described phenomenon whereby innate immune cells undergo functional reprogramming in response to microbial products, vaccines, or other stimuli, leading them to mount a sensitized nonspecific response...