... unclear, dysregulation of placental function is implicated. We hypothesised that maternal infection, leading to maternal immune activation and stimulated cytokine production, alters placental and yolk sac amino acid transport, affecting fetal brain development and thus NDD risk. Using a rat model...

... 7 2010 15 7 2010 15 7 2010 © The Authors Journal compilation © 2010 Biochemical Society 2010 amino acid cachexia heart failure inflammation insulin proteolysis sarcopenia The syndrome of CHF [chronic HF (heart failure)] is a complex multi-organ response mechanism...

... (insulin and amino acids) and whether alterations in protein metabolism correlate to circulating cytokine levels. No differences in phenylalanine balance, rate of appearance or rate of disappearance were found between patients and controls under fasting conditions. However, the anabolic response...

... glutathione and amino acid metabolism. Previous studies in humans have demonstrated that ischaemia and reperfusion in skeletal muscle for up to 120 min have no major effect on muscle glutathione concentrations. Liver ischaemia and reperfusion in animals have demonstrated diverging results concerning...

... of the glucose- and amino-acid-responsive clonal insulin-secreting cell line BRIN-BD11. Aralar1 overexpression increased long-term (24 h) and acute (20 min) glucose- and amino-acid-stimulated insulin secretion, cellular glucose metabolism, L -alanine and L -glutamine consumption, cellular ATP and glutamate...

...Neville H. McClenaghan; Siobhan M. Scullion; Brian Mion; Chandralal Hewage; J. Paul G. Malthouse; Peter R. Flatt; Philip Newsholme; Lorraine Brennan Acute insulin-releasing actions of amino acids have been studied in detail, but comparatively little is known about the β-cell effects of long-term...

... of translation was quantified. Plasma glucose, and serum insulin, glycerol, triacylglycerols (triglycerides) and NEFAs (non-esterified fatty acids; ‘free fatty acids’) were not significantly altered during TPN infusion, whereas total plasma amino acids increased, as shown by increases in methionine...

.... Whole-blood samples were centrifuged (4000  g , 4 °C, 5 min) to obtain plasma. A total of 100 μl of plasma was deproteinized with 8 mg of SSA (sulfosalicylic acid) and stored at −80 °C, and the remainder was stored untreated (−80 °C). Amino acid levels were analysed in SSA-deproteinized samples...

...Bo Westman; Lars Weidenhielm; Olav Rooyackers; Katarina Fredriksson; Jan Wernerman; Folke Hammarqvist The temporal pattern of metabolic alterations in muscle tissue during total ischaemia and reperfusion are not well-characterized in humans with respect to glutathione, amino acids and energy-rich...

... weight·h −1 [ 15 N 2 2 H 2 ]Arg and 90 nmol·10 g −1 of body weight·h −1 [ 15 N]Cit). This stable isotope protocol yields tracer/tracee steady state in plasma within 30 min. Blood was collected from the carotid artery and processed as described previously [ 10 ]. Amino acid concentrations and TTRs...

... in endothelial dysfunction in CHF. In that study [ 18 ], we found that the expression of the system y + cationic amino acid transporter CAT-1 was reduced, providing a potential explanation for reduced L -arginine transport in CHF. To further define the role of L -arginine transport in the setting...

... (CFS), a disorder characterized chiefly by persistent, often debilitating, fatigue. We wished to characterize circulating profiles of putative amino acid modulators of CNS 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT; serotoninergic) and dopaminergic function in CFS patients at rest, as well as during symptom-limited...

...Alan A. JACKSON; Rebecca L. DUNN; Michael C. MARCHAND; Simon C. LANGLEY-EVANS When rat dams consume a diet low in protein during pregnancy, their offspring develop high blood pressure. On a low-protein diet, the endogenous formation of the amino acid glycine is thought to become constrained...

...Steven W. M. OLDE DAMINK; Ivo DE BLAAUW; Nicolaas E. P. DEUTZ; Peter B. SOETERS Glutamine is considered to be a ‘conditionally’ essential amino acid. During situations of severe stress like sepsis or after trauma there is a fall in plasma glutamine levels, enhanced glutamine turnover...

... or received three meals at 9.00 hours, 13.00 hours and 18.00 hours. Catecholamines and metabolites were determined by reverse-phase HPLC with electrochemical detection. Neutral amino acids were measured by ionexchange chromatography with photometric detection. 3. The food contained relatively little DOPA...

... enhanced. Using valine and glutamine as tracers, the enhanced amino acid turnover rates were confirmed. 4. In conclusion, our results show that during short periods of starvation both methods give similar results. After prolonged starvation, however, an opposite change in disappearance rate and protein...

...). A similar increase in V max. in uraemic cells compared with controls was seen in erythrocytes which were studied in zero-trans conditions after depletion of intracellular amino acids. The mean values of K m and K D were not significantly different in uraemia. The origins of this increased membrane transport...

...Edward B. Fern; Peter J. Garlick; John C. Waterlow 1. The rate of protein synthesis in the whole body was measured in one fed subject with seven 15 N-labelled amino acids (intravenous and oral doses) and two 15 N protein mixtures (oral doses only). The rates were determined individually from...

... 10 1976 © 1977 The Biochemical Society and the Medical Research Society 1977 Clinical Science and Molecular Medicine (1977) 52, 3 11-3 18. Plasma glucose, non-esterified fatty acids and amino acids in Huntington s chorea 0. T. PHILLIPSON* AND E. I). B I R D MRC Neurochemical Pharmacology...

... of a labelled essential amino acid would therefore give more accurate values for short-term measurements of whole body protein turnover. 14 7 1975 © 1976 The Biochemical Society and the Medical Research Society 1976 amino acid protein [ 14 C]tyrosine Clhical Science and Molecular Medicine...

...D. B. A. Silk; P. D. Fairclough; Nicola J. Park; Annette E. Lane; Joan P. W. Webb; M. L. Clark; A. M. Dawson 1. A double-lumen perfusion technique was used to study the effect of a wide range of concentrations of the dipeptide glycyl-l-alanine and its constituent amino acids on water...