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Keywords: blood
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Articles
Journal:
Clinical Science
Clin Sci (Lond) (2019) 133 (9): 1115–1135.
Published: 14 May 2019
... construction of a biological blood vessel, significant research and technological advances have led to the generation of clinically relevant large and small diameter tissue engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs). However, developing a biocompatible blood-contacting surface is still a major challenge. Researchers...
Abstract
Vascular tissue engineering has the potential to make a significant impact on the treatment of a wide variety of medical conditions, including providing in vitro generated vascularized tissue and organ constructs for transplantation. Since the first report on the construction of a biological blood vessel, significant research and technological advances have led to the generation of clinically relevant large and small diameter tissue engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs). However, developing a biocompatible blood-contacting surface is still a major challenge. Researchers are using biomimicry to generate functional vascular grafts and vascular networks. A multi-disciplinary approach is being used that includes biomaterials, cells, pro-angiogenic factors and microfabrication technologies. Techniques to achieve spatiotemporal control of vascularization include use of topographical engineering and controlled-release of growth/pro-angiogenic factors. Use of decellularized natural scaffolds has gained popularity for engineering complex vascularized organs for potential clinical use. Pre-vascularization of constructs prior to implantation has also been shown to enhance its anastomosis after implantation. Host-implant anastomosis is a phenomenon that is still not fully understood. However, it will be a critical factor in determining the in vivo success of a TEVGs or bioengineered organ. Many clinical studies have been conducted using TEVGs, but vascularized tissue/organ constructs are still in the research & development stage. In addition to technical challenges, there are commercialization and regulatory challenges that need to be addressed. In this review we examine recent advances in the field of vascular tissue engineering, with a focus on technology trends, challenges and potential clinical applications.
Articles
Qiu-Yue Han, Hong-Xia Wang, Xiao-Hong Liu, Cai-Xia Guo, Qi Hua, Xiao-Hong Yu, Nan Li, Yan-Zong Yang, Jie Du, Yun-Long Xia, Hui-Hua Li
Journal:
Clinical Science
Clin Sci (Lond) (2015) 128 (11): 751–760.
Published: 17 March 2015
... specificity to the classic biomarker troponin I for diagnosis of AMI. Increased cardiac-specific E3 ligase Rnf207 in plasma may be a novel and sensitive biomarkers for AMI in humans. acute myocardial infarction blood biomarkers E3 ubiquitin ligases Rnf207 • Because of the delayed release...
Abstract
Because of the delayed release of troponins, early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a problem. E3 ligase Rnf207 showed higher sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of AMI. Therefore, We concluded Rnf207 may be a novel biomarkers for AMI.
Includes: Supplementary data
Articles
Francisco Campos, Manuel Rodríguez-Yáñez, Mar Castellanos, Susana Arias, María Pérez-Mato, Tomás Sobrino, Miguel Blanco, Joaquín Serena, José Castillo
Journal:
Clinical Science
Clin Sci (Lond) (2011) 121 (1): 11–17.
Published: 18 March 2011
...-pyruvate transaminase) are two enzymes that are able to metabolize blood glutamate facilitating the lowering of extracellular levels of brain glutamate. Our aim was to study the association between blood levels of both enzymes and stroke outcome in patients with acute ischaemic stroke. We prospectively...
Abstract
Ischaemic stroke is associated with an excessive release of glutamate in brain. GOT (glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase) and GPT (glutamate-pyruvate transaminase) are two enzymes that are able to metabolize blood glutamate facilitating the lowering of extracellular levels of brain glutamate. Our aim was to study the association between blood levels of both enzymes and stroke outcome in patients with acute ischaemic stroke. We prospectively studied 365 patients with first ischaemic stroke<12 h. Glutamate, GOT and GPT levels were determined in blood samples obtained at admission. We considered functional outcome at 3 months [good outcome: mRS (modified Rankin Scale)≤2; poor outcome mRS >2], END (early neurological deterioration) in the first 72 h [increment ≥4 points in NIHSS (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale)] and infarct volume [CT (computed tomography) at 36–72 h] as end points. We have found an inverse correlation between GOT and GPT levels and blood glutamate levels. Patients with poor outcome showed lower levels of GOT (11.9±8.2 compared with 22.7±10.2 m-units/ml, P <0.0001) and GPT (19.5±14.3 compared with 24.7±20.3 m-units/ml; P =0.004). A negative correlation has been found between GOT (Pearson coefficient=−0.477, P <0.0001) and GPT (Pearson coefficient=−0.116; P =0.027) levels and infarct volume. Patients with END showed higher levels of blood glutamate (381.7±97.9 compared with 237.6±114.0 μmol/l, P <0.0001) and lower levels of GOT (10.8±6.7 compared with 18.1±10.8 m-units/ml; P <0.0001). This clinical study shows an association between high blood GOT and GPT levels and good outcome in ischaemic stroke patients, this association being stronger for GOT than GPT levels.
Articles
Journal:
Clinical Science
Clin Sci (Lond) (1997) 92 (5): 473–479.
Published: 01 May 1997
...Gregory D. Sloop; David W. Garber 1. Increased blood or plasma viscosity has been observed in almost all conditions associated with accelerated atherosclerosis. Cognizant of the enlarging body of evidence implicating increased viscosity in atherogenesis, we hypothesize that the effects of low...
Abstract
1. Increased blood or plasma viscosity has been observed in almost all conditions associated with accelerated atherosclerosis. Cognizant of the enlarging body of evidence implicating increased viscosity in atherogenesis, we hypothesize that the effects of low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein on blood viscosity correlate with their association with risk of atherosclerosis. 2. Blood viscometry was performed on samples from 28 healthy, non-fasting adult volunteers using a capillary viscometer. Data were correlated with haematocrit, fibrinogen, serum viscosity, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglycerides and calculated low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. 3. Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol was more strongly correlated with blood viscosity than was total cholesterol ( r = 0.4149, P = 0.0281, compared with r = 0.2790, P = 0.1505). High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels were inversely associated with blood viscosity ( r = −0.4018, P = 0.0341). 4. To confirm these effects, viscometry was performed on erythrocytes, suspended in saline, which had been incubated in plasma of various low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein ratios. Viscosity correlated directly with low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein ratio ( n = 23, r = 0.8561, P < 0.01). 5. Low-density lipoprotein receptor occupancy data suggests that these effects on viscosity are mediated by erythrocyte aggregation. 6. These results demonstrate that the effects of low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein on blood viscosity in healthy subjects correlate with their association with risk of atherosclerosis. These effects on viscosity may play a role in atherogenesis by modulating the dwell or residence time of atherogenic particles in the vicinity of the endothelium.
Articles
Franziska M. T. Loehrer, Walter E. Haefeli, Christian P. Angst, Garry Browne, Greta Frick, Brian Fowler
Journal:
Clinical Science
Clin Sci (Lond) (1996) 91 (1): 79–86.
Published: 01 July 1996
... vascular disease. 29 1 1996 19 3 1996 © 1996 The Biochemical Society and the Medical Research Society 1996 S-adenosylhomocysteine S-adenosylmethionine amino acids blood homocysteine human metabolism 5-methyltetrahydrofolate Clinical Science (1996) 91, 79-86 (Printed in...
Abstract
1. Elevated plasma homocysteine concentration, either in the fasting state or after methionine loading, is an independent risk factor for vascular disease in man. Methionine loading has been used to investigate impaired methionine metabolism, especially of the trans-sulphuration pathway, but most studies have focused on changes in homocysteine. 2. We investigated the effect of methionine excess on total plasma homocysteine, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (which is the active form of folate in the remethylation of homocysteine to methionine), S-adenosylmethionine (the first metabolite of methionine) and S-adenosylhomocysteine (the demethylated product of S-adenosylmethionine) over 24 h in 12 healthy subjects. 3. As well as the expected increase in homocysteine (from 8.0 ± 1.3 to 32.6 ± 10.3 μmol/l, mean ± SD, P > 0.001), S-adenosylmethionine showed a significant transient increase (from 37.9 ± 25.0 to 240.3 ± 109.2 nmol/l, P > 0.001), which correlated well with homocysteine ( r 2 = 0.92, P > 0.001). 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate values decreased significantly (from 23.2 ± 7.2 to 13.1 ± 2.9 nmol/l, P > 0.01), and gradually returned to baseline levels after 24 h. No significant change over the time of measurement was found for S-adenosylhomocysteine. 4. The sequence of metabolic changes observed in this study strongly suggests that a change in either homocysteine or S-adenosylmethionine may cause a reduction in 5-methyltetrahydrofolate. This must be considered in evaluating the relationship between folate and homocysteine in vascular disease. The metabolic relationships illustrated in this study should be evaluated in the search for pathogenetic mechanisms of mild hyperhomocysteinaemia and vascular disease.
Articles
Journal:
Clinical Science
Clin Sci (Lond) (1996) 90 (5): 363–368.
Published: 01 May 1996
... blood coagulation coronary platelets Clinical Science (1996) 90, 363-368 (Printed in Great Britain) 363 Failure of thrombin inhibition to prevent intracoronary thrombosis in the dog Philip R. BELCHER*, Angela J. DRAKE-HOLLAND?, John W. HYND? and Mark I. M. NOBLE? tkademic Unit of Cardiovascular...
Abstract
1. Recurrent occlusion after thrombolysis may be caused by thrombin receptor-mediated platelet thrombosis occurring in a residual stenosis. To test the relative importance of the platelet thrombin receptor under conditions of high shear and endothelial damage (the Folts model of intracoronary thrombosis) we used the specific thrombin inhibitor recombinant hirudin. 2. A critical coronary artery stenosis overlying an area of crushed endothelium was used in a repeated measures study of eight open-chest anaesthetized dogs. In the control period, recurrent thrombosis occurred at an average rate (± SD) of 4.4 ± 1.4 ml/min 2 . Infusion of recombinant hirudin at 1.6 mg h −1 kg −1 abolished recurrent thrombosis in three dogs, but the thrombosis rate averaged 4.7 ± 2.9 ml/min 2 in the remaining five animals. 3. Haematological measurements demonstrated the activity of recombinant hirudin: thrombin time rose from 13 ± 3 s to>165 s universally ( P <0.01), partial thromboplastin time rose from 14 ± 2 s to 29 ± 10 s ( P <0.01). Bleeding time rose from 2.3 ± 0.8 min to 4.7 ± 1.8 min ( P <0.05). 4. It is concluded that specific thrombin inhibition, despite affecting coagulation, is relatively ineffective in preventing intracoronary thrombosis under conditions of high shear.
Articles
Journal:
Clinical Science
Clin Sci (Lond) (1991) 81 (6): 823–829.
Published: 01 December 1991
...A. J. A. Al-Modhefer; M. W. B. Bradbury; T. J. B. Simons 1. The binding of lead to human blood serum, and components of serum, was studied by titration with the addition of Pb(NO 3 ) 2 solution, monitoring the free Pb 2+ concentration with a Pb 2+ electrode, and by equilibrium dialysis. 2. In fresh...
Abstract
1. The binding of lead to human blood serum, and components of serum, was studied by titration with the addition of Pb(NO 3 ) 2 solution, monitoring the free Pb 2+ concentration with a Pb 2+ electrode, and by equilibrium dialysis. 2. In fresh serum, about 4999 out of 5000 parts of added lead were bound. This suggests that the free Pb 2+ concentration is around 1/5000th of the total lead concentration in the serum of normal subjects, i.e. about 1 × 10 −12 mol/l. 3. About 60% of the binding of lead in serum is abolished by standing in air, by dialysis or by treatment with N -ethylmaleimide. This appears to be due to the presence of thiol compounds, mainly cysteine. The remaining 40% appears to be due to protein, mainly albumin.
Articles
Journal:
Clinical Science
Clin Sci (Lond) (1991) 81 (3): 305–311.
Published: 01 September 1991
...K. Peter Öhman; Bengt E. Karlberg 1. This study aims to further elucidate the role of the tissue and plasma kallikrein-kinin systems in blood pressure, electrolyte and volume homoeostasis. Components thereof and of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system were measured in conjunction with frusemide...
Abstract
1. This study aims to further elucidate the role of the tissue and plasma kallikrein-kinin systems in blood pressure, electrolyte and volume homoeostasis. Components thereof and of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system were measured in conjunction with frusemide administration, in normotensive subjects and in patients with primary hypertension. 2. Frusemide increased plasma pre-kallikrein, angiotensin II and aldosterone concentrations and plasma renin activity, whereas the plasma level of tissue kallikrein remained unchanged. Basal values and the induced changes were similar in both groups. 3. Frusemide increased the urine volume and the excretion of Na + , K + , Mg 2+ , Cl − , aldosterone, prostaglandin E 2 and tissue kallikrein. These changes were similar in both groups, but the total tissue kallikrein excretion was significantly lower in the hypertensive patients. Excretion of electrolytes and hormones was also measured during three 24 h urine collection periods and did not differ between the two groups. 4. Thus, acute administration of frusemide to hypertensive patients and normal subjects increased the plasma level of pre-kallikrein, possibly indicating less activation to kallikrein and subsequently less kinin generation in the blood stream. This also suggests a role for the plasma kallikrein-kinin system in the regulation of vascular tone and blood volume. Circulating tissue kallikrein does not seem to be acutely involved. 5. Urinary excretion of kallikrein is reduced in patients with primary hypertension after the administration of frusemide, apparently without affecting the renal excretory response.
Articles
Journal:
Clinical Science
Clin Sci (Lond) (1979) 56 (3): 283–286.
Published: 01 March 1979
...K. E. L. McColl; B. Whiting; M. R. Moore; A. Goldberg 1. The concentrations of ethanol in blood, mixed saliva obtained before and after rinsing and drying the mouth and parotid saliva have been monitored in 12 healthy subjects after the ingestion of alcohol. 2. A highly significant linear...
Abstract
1. The concentrations of ethanol in blood, mixed saliva obtained before and after rinsing and drying the mouth and parotid saliva have been monitored in 12 healthy subjects after the ingestion of alcohol. 2. A highly significant linear correlation was found between blood and the three types of saliva examined from 20 min after completion of drinking. 3. Blood and mixed saliva samples were obtained from 20 patients attending the Casualty Department with evidence of ethanol intoxication. A similar correlation was obtained. 4. These results show that salivary ethanol may be used as an index of blood ethanol concentrations, provided that the salivary sample is not obtained within 20 min of the ingestion of alcohol.
Articles
Journal:
Clinical Science
Clin Sci Mol Med (1977) 52 (5): 463–467.
Published: 01 May 1977
...T. K. With 1. A simple chromatographic method for the study of porphyrins in erythrocytes and blood plasma, requiring little technician time, is described. The findings in adults and neonates are presented as well as those from severely ill patients. 2. The regular occurrence of uro-, copro- and...
Abstract
1. A simple chromatographic method for the study of porphyrins in erythrocytes and blood plasma, requiring little technician time, is described. The findings in adults and neonates are presented as well as those from severely ill patients. 2. The regular occurrence of uro-, copro- and proto-porphyrin in erythrocytes is demonstrable as well as sporadic occurrence of tri-, penta-, hexa- and hepta-carboxylic porphyrin. The method gives, however, irregular values for protoporphyrin, which seems to occur in a more labile form in some subjects than in others; this is especially the case in erythropoietic protoporphyria. 3. In blood plasma, uroporphyrin occurs regularly, and coproporphyrin less regularly. Protoporphyrin and penta- to hepta-carboxylic porphyrin are found only occasionally.