...Mirza M. F. SUBHAN; Timothy J. BUTLER; James W. REED There are conflicting reports on the reproducibility of the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the modified Borg scale for the estimation of breathlessness during exercise. In an attempt to clarify the situation, two groups of healthy subjects...

...Nausherwan K. BURKI; J. Wesley MCCONNELL; Mohammad AYUB; Richard M. LILES The direct effects of hypoxia on exercise-induced breathlessness are unclear. Increased breathlessness on exercise is known to occur at high altitude, but it is not known whether this is related to the hypoxia per se...

... ergometry with respiratory gas analysis was performed 15 min after drug administration and breathlessness assessed using a linear visual analogue scale. 3. Neither dose of inhaled morphine had statistically significant effects on spirometry, heart rate, ventilation, respiratory gases or breathlessness...

...Helen R. Harty; Peter Heywood; Lewis Adams 1. Visual analogue scaling of breathlessness made at discrete intervals during ventilatory stimulation tests can provide useful information about the intensity of this sensation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the use of continuous visual...

...Rachel C. Wilson; W. L. G. Oldfield; P. W. Jones 1. The effect of residence at altitude on the perception of breathlessness after return to sea level was examined in normal subjects. Breathlessness (Borg scale), minute ventilation, respiratory frequency, tidal volume, ‘oxygen pulse’ (oxygen...

...Rachel C. Wilson; P. W. Jones 1. The intensity of breathlessness in normal subjects during exercise was measured on seven occasions over a 40-week study period to assess the long-term repeatability of Borg scale estimates of breathlessness. 2. In all subjects there was a significant correlation ( P...

...Rachel C. Wilson; P. W. Jones 1. This study was designed to examine whether normal subjects could differentiate between the ‘intensity’ of their breathlessness and the amount of ‘distress’ it evoked, by specific wording of the instructions. 2. A preliminary study showed no significant difference...

...Rachel C. Wilson; P. W. Jones 1. The intensity of breathlessness was measured during exercise in nine normal subjects using a modified Borg scale to examine the effect of prior experience of breathlessness on subsequent estimates of breathlessness. 2. Each subject performed four exercise tests...

...Rachel C. Wilson; P. W. Jones 1. The intensity of breathlessness during exercise was measured in ten normal subjects using a visual analogue scale (VAS) and a Borg scale to compare the use of the scales and their repeatability, both within the duration of a period of exercise and between tests...

...N. Chronos; L. Adams; A. Guz 1. The subjective changes accompanying alterations in inspired oxygen concentration during heavy exercise have been investigated single blind, in normal subjects. 2. In particular, the intensity of the sensation of breathlessness was quantified using a visual analogue...

...R. Lane; L. Adams; A. Guz 1. The effect of adding low-level (2.7 cmH 2 O 1 −1 s) external respiratory resistive loads on exercise-induced breathlessness has been examined in naive normal subjects; the intensity of this loading was chosen to simulate that confronting an asthmatic subject during...

... and subjects indicated the level of their sensation of breathlessness every 30 s. 2. Subjects felt markedly less breathless when a proportion of their ventilation was produced by voluntary effort than when the same total level of ventilation was produced entirely by the stimulus of exercise. Furthermore...

... and later copied these breathing patterns. 2. During all experiments flow, ventilation and pleural pressures were recorded. In addition, breathlessness was measured on a visual analogue scale every 30 s. 3. In these patients voluntary copying of either form of stimulated breathing resulted in diminished...

... arterial oxygen desaturation during the exercise. 2. During the exercises, ventilation was recorded and patients recorded their sensation of breathlessness on a visual analogue scale (VAS) every 30 s. 3. Breathing supplemental oxygen produced a small fall in mean exercise ventilation and a large...

...L. Adams; N. Chronos; R. Lane; A. Guz 1. Normal subjects show wide variability in their sensory scaling of breathlessness for equivalent degrees of ventilatory stimulation and behave ‘characteristically’ irrespective of stimulus type. 2. Observed differences are not explained by physical...

...L. Adams; R. Lane; S. A. Shea; A. Cockcroft; A. Guz 1. This study investigates the mechanisms underlying the perception of breathlessness induced by hypoxia and hypercapnia in both naive normal subjects and patients with respiratory mechanical problems. 2. In normal subjects separately receiving...

... in ventilation and breathlessness by using OHFO and ECWC in normal subjects with those in patients with chronic airflow obstruction (CAO), and (b) to relate the pattern of saving to the resonant frequencies of the respiratory system as a whole ( f OT , 5–10 Hz in normal subjects, 16–26 Hz in CAO) and those...

...L. Adams; N. Chronos; R. Lane; A. Guz 1. The intensity of breathlessness induced by ventilatory stimulation resulting from hypercapnia, hypoxia or exercise has been quantified in normals by using the two different sensory scaling techniques of linear visual analogue scaling and ratio magnitude...

... two with diffuse alveolar pathology and four with chronic airflow obstruction, were studied. Respiratory frequency was determined before and after the aerosol, and exercise tolerance and breathlessness were measured with a 6 min walking test and visual analogue scales. 5. After lignocaine...

...R. D. Stark; S. A. Gambles; J. A. Lewis 1. Methods were devised and evaluated for inducing breathlessness by submaximal graded exercise in healthy subjects while objective measurements of cardiorespiratory function were made. Breathlessness was assessed with serial visual analogue scales (VAS...

... that a decrease in resistance has been made. 18 6 1973 © 1973 The Biochemical Society and the Medical Research Society 1973 airways resistance perception breathlessness normal subjects Clinical Science and Molecular Medicine (1973) 45, 561-564. S H O R T C O M M U N I C A T I O N...