.... Finally, there are widespread indirect effects of elevated urea as a result of the carbamylation reaction, where isocyanic acid (a product of urea catabolism) alters the structure and function of proteins in the body. Carbamylation has been linked with renal fibrosis, atherosclerosis and anaemia...

...Sammy W. M. Shiu; Su-Mei Xiao; Ying Wong; Wing-Sun Chow; Karen S. L. Lam; Kathryn C.B. Tan LDL (low-density lipoprotein) is subjected to pro-atherogenic modifications in the circulation. A novel uraemia-independent mechanism of carbamylation of lipoproteins mediated by MPO (myeloperoxidase) has...

... in macrophages surrounding atherosclerotic lesions. Several lines of evidence support the role of MPO-mediated carbamylation of proteins in atherogenesis. The generic mechanism of MPO-mediated protein carbamylation has been elucidated recently and has been identified as a potentially crucial pathway that links...