... and the Biochemical Society under a transformative agreement with MALMAD. cancer cardiovascular physiology COPD metabolites Microbial dysbiosis Smoking Over 1 billion individuals worldwide smoke cigarettes, collectively generating a global health and economic burden [ 1 ]. Prolonged smoking...

... obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) for which a major cause is cigarette smoking (CS). The underlying mechanisms and precise effects of CS on gut contractility, however, are not fully characterised. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether CS impacts GI function and structure...

...Stephan F. van Eeden; Kentaro Akata Lung macrophages (LMs) are key immune effector cells that protect the lung from inhaled particulate matter, noxious gases and pathogens. In Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), there is an abundance of macrophages in airspaces and lung tissues suggesting...

... diseases are among the leading causes of mortality worldwide, with the major contributor, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) accounting for approximately 3 million deaths annually. Frequent acute exacerbations (AEs) of COPD (AECOPD) drive clinical and functional decline in COPD and are associated...

...Xiao Sun; Xiuli Feng; Dandan Zheng; Ang Li; Chunyan Li; Siying Li; Zhongxi Zhao Cigarette smoke (CS) is the major cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). CS heightens inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis. Ergosterol is the main bioactive ingredient in Cordyceps sinensis ( C...

...Dan Wang; Sirong He; Bicui Liu; Chuntao Liu Activation of alveolar macrophages (AMs) and the release of cytokines play critical roles in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, little is known about the mechanisms of AM activation. miRNAs have recently emerged...

...Yan Li; Michael H. Cho; Xiaobo Zhou COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) is characterized by irreversible lung airflow obstruction. Cigarette smoke is the major risk factor for COPD development. However, only a minority number of smokers develop COPD, and there are substantial variations...

...Yujie Wang; Man Jia; Xiaoyi Yan; Limin Cao; Peter J. Barnes; Ian M. Adcock; Mao Huang; Xin Yao Airway remodelling is an important component of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) from neutrophils may drive COPD epithelial–mesenchymal...

... a deficiency in motor control per se . 6. These results provide no evidence that patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have any impairment in their voluntary motor control of breathing. control of breathing COPD motor control tracking task 14 11 1994 22 11 1994 © 1995...