...Mark Hopkins; John E. Blundell Energy balance is not a simple algebraic sum of energy expenditure and energy intake as often depicted in communications. Energy balance is a dynamic process and there exist reciprocal effects between food intake and energy expenditure. An important distinction...

... < 0.009), whereas food intake (only 0.6 MJ on day 0) and hunger (5/6 patients ‘not hungry’ on day 0) only gradually improved over the next few days. (The energy intake over the first 5 days was 56% of the pre-operative value.) 4. Circulating insulin and cortisol concentrations were elevated on day 1...