... ]. Figure 2 Main glutamine metabolic pathways in mammalian cells Glutamine enters into the cells through a carrier, such as the neutral amino acid transporter (ASCT2). At the intracellular level, phosphate-dependent glutaminase hydrolyses glutamine to glutamate and ammonia. Glutamate forms ammonia and 2...

...Walid A. Alsharafi; Zhaohui Luo; Xiaoyan Long; Yuanyuan Xie; Bo Xiao Glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity is the major neuropathological process contributing to numerous neurological diseases. Recently, emerging evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs) play essential roles in the pathophysiology...

...Zhong-Bao Yang; Zhen Zhang; Ting-Bo Li; Zheng Lou; Shu-Yu Li; Huan Yang; Jie Yang; Xiu-Ju Luo; Jun Peng Recent studies have uncovered that accumulation of glutamate after ischaemic stroke is closely associated with the down-regulation of glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) expression, suggesting...

...Francisco Campos; Manuel Rodríguez-Yáñez; Mar Castellanos; Susana Arias; María Pérez-Mato; Tomás Sobrino; Miguel Blanco; Joaquín Serena; José Castillo Ischaemic stroke is associated with an excessive release of glutamate in brain. GOT (glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase) and GPT (glutamate...

... of heatstroke induced by T a (ambient temperature) of 42 °C for 88 min, followed by T a of 24 °C for 12 min, the values for MAP (mean arterial pressure), ICP (intracranial pressure), CPP (cerebral perfusion pressure), CBF (cerebral blood blow), brain P O 2 (partial pressure of O 2 ) and striatal glutamate...

... and the Medical Research Society © 2003 2003 glutathione glutamate glutamine oxidative stress skeletal muscle surgical trauma Correspondence: Dr Urban Fläring (e-mail [email protected] ). 275Clinical Science (2003) 104, 275 282 (Printed in Great Britain) Glutamine attenuates post-traumatic...

...-ketoglutarate) is responsible for the anticatabolic effect. We infused α-ketoglutarate into anaesthetized postoperative dogs in order to investigate whether infusion of α-ketoglutarate affects the flux of glutamine and glutamate between skeletal muscle and the splanchnic bed. We used three infusion rates: 3, 10...

...K. N. Frayn; K. Khan; S. W. Coppack; M. Elia 1. Arteriovenous differences for alanine, glutamate and glutamine were measured across subcutaneous adipose tissue and forearm muscle in normal subjects. 2. After an overnight fast, adipose tissue showed net production of alanine and glutamine and uptake...

... 1984 5 9 1984 © 1985 The Biochemical Society and the Medical Research Society 1985 alanine amino acid aspartate glutamate glutamine glycine leucine lysine man 15 N nitrogen turnover protein absorption protein synthesis wheat whole body yeast Clinical Science (1985...

...A. R. Thomassen; T. T. Nielsen; J. P. Bagger; P. Henningsen 1. Myocardial exchanges of plasma alanine, glutamate, citrate, lactate, glucose and free fatty acids were determined in 17 patients with coronary artery disease and in seven control subjects during rest, atrial pacing and recovery. 2...

... antagonist metergoline blocked the cardiovascular and EEG effects of serotonin but did not affect the same responses elicited by the microinjection of l-glutamate. 3. Microinjections of l-glutamate produced similar effects; acetylcholine, which lowered arterial pressure and heart rate, did not affect the EEG...