... patients with PF and age-matched controls (Ctrls). Air–liquid interface (ALI) cultures of AECs, comprising type I and II pneumocytes or BECs were inoculated with influenza A virus (H1N1) at 0.1 multiplicity of infection (MOI). Levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-36γ and IL-1β were elevated in cultures...

.... Correspondence: Troy D. Randall ( [email protected] ) 20 12 2016 31 03 2017 06 04 2017 © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Portland Press Limited on behalf of the Biochemical Society 2017 Influenza Mucosal immunity Pulmonary immunity Respiratory virus Respiratory syncytial virus...

...Suzanne L. Cole; Ling-Pei Ho Influenza A viruses (IAVs) cause respiratory illness of varying severity based on the virus strains, host predisposition and pre-existing immunity. Ultimately, outcome and recovery from infection rely on an effective immune response comprising both innate and adaptive...

... (PCLS) from a mouse model of virus-induced exacerbation of COPD. They demonstrate that combined challenge with cigarette smoke and influenza infection in mice markedly impairs salbutamol-mediated airway relaxation. The findings of the present study suggest that cigarette smoke and respiratory virus...

..., bronchodilator efficacy of β 2 -adrenoceptor agonists is decreased during acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD), caused by respiratory viruses including influenza A. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the effects of the β 2 -adrenoceptor agonist salbutamol (SALB) on small airway reactivity...

... HDM-elicited TNF-α (tumour necrosis factor-α), IFN-γ (interferon-γ), IL (interleukin)-2, IL-5 and IL-10 were sensitive to prednisolone treatment, concomitant infection with RSV blocked the sensitivity towards steroid. In contrast, influenza infection in HDM- challenged animals resulted in increased...