... and maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA genetic variants. In conclusion, an appropriate gender-specific medicine approach is urgently needed and should be systematically pursued in studies on healthy aging, longevity and age-related diseases, in a globalized world characterized by great gender differences...

...Styliani Goulopoulou; Takayuki Matsumoto; Gisele F. Bomfim; R. Clinton Webb Emerging evidence suggests that in addition to being the ‘power houses’ of our cells, mitochondria facilitate effector responses of the immune system. Cell death and injury result in the release of mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA...

... 2 •− (superoxide anion radicals). O 2 •− , through both enzymic and non-enzymic reactions, can cause the generation of other ROS (reactive oxygen species). The ensuing state of oxidative stress results in damage to ETC components and mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA), thus increasing further the production...

...Nidal MAAROUF; Gavin ARNO; Nicholas D. CARTER; Petros SYRRIS; Shamil YUSUF; John A. CAMM; Jan POLEINIKI; Naab M. Al-SAADY Supraventricular tachycardias, including AF (atrial fibrillation), and mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA) deletions may lead to dilated cardiomyopathy. It is unknown whether mtDNA...

...A. W. THOMAS; A. MAJID; E. J. SHERRATT; J. W. GAGG; J. C. ALCOLADO A wide variety of human diseases have been associated with defects in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). The exact mechanism by which specific mtDNA mutations cause disease is unknown and, although the disparate phenotypes might...

...Emma J. Sherratt; Andrew W. Thomas; John C. Alcolado 1. Mitochondrial DNA has a number of interesting properties including maternal transmission, the ability to replicate in post-mitotic cells, a high mutation rate and an extremely compact molecular architecture with no introns and no large non...