... in endothelial cells [ 25 ]. One possible explanation that has been suggested is that Rac1 indirectly mediates ROS production by Nox4 [ 26 ]. endothelium hydrogen peroxide NADPH oxidase (Nox) reactive oxygen species superoxide vascular smooth muscle cell ROS (reactive oxygen species...

... exercise obesity rodent superoxide Obesity and related metabolic diseases, such as T2D (Type 2 diabetes) have reached epidemic proportions across the globe. In North America, 55% of 97 million adults are either overweight or obese [with a BMI (body mass index)≥25]. It is estimated that nearly...

... disease later in life. Although oxidative stress has been proposed as a mechanism for the fetal programming phenotype, the role of mitochondrial O 2 •− (superoxide radical) production has not been explored. To determine whether mitochondrial ROS (reactive oxygen species) production is altered by in utero...

... CD40/CD40L expression. Human CASMCs (coronary artery smooth muscle cells) in culture exposed to IL (interleukin)-1β or TNF-α (tumour necrosis factor-α) had increased superoxide generation and enhanced CD40 expression, detected by EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance) and immunoblotting respectively...

... oxidase-dependent O 2 •− (superoxide radical) production, and to investigate the clinical implication of this association in hypertensive subjects. A case-control study was performed in a random sample of the general population composed of 189 normotensive subjects and 223 hypertensive subjects. The ACE...

... whether chronic oral genistein might influence endothelial function in male SHRs (spontaneously hypertensive rats) via ERs (oestrogen receptors), changes in eNOS (endothelial NO synthase) activity and vascular O 2 − (superoxide) production. Rats (23-weeks old) were divided into the following groups: WKY...

...H. A. Kleinveld; W. Sluiter; A. M. C. Boonman; A. J. G. Swaak; C. E. Hack; J. F. Koster 1. The effect of free-radical-altered IgG (monomer and polymer u.v.-irradiated IgG), compared with that of native and heat-aggregated IgG, on the production rate of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide...

...D. B. Webb; R. Mackenzie; S. N. Zoob; A. J. Rees 1. The accelerated model of nephrotoxic serum nephritis (NTSN) was produced in 12 Sprague-Dawley rats. Six of these rats were administered superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1; SOD) subcutaneously (8 mg/kg) 8-hourly for 4 days. The first dose was given...

...D. A. Rowley; B. Halliwell 1. Superoxide and hydrogen peroxide are formed by activated phagocytes and react together in the presence of iron salts to form the hydroxyl radical, which attacks hyaluronic acid. Ascorbic acid also interacts with hydrogen peroxide and iron salts to form hydroxyl radical...

...D. R. Blake; N. D. Hall; D. A. Treby; B. Halliwell; J. M. C. Gutteridge 1. On exposure of synovial fluid to superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, generated enzymically or by activated polymorphonuclear leucocytes, hyaluronic acid is depolymerized and the fluid loses its lubricating properties...