...(s). published by Portland Press Limited on behalf of the Biochemical Society 2016 blood–retina barrier hypertensive retinopathy renin–angiotensin system retinal degeneration vascular damage • Hypertension harms the retina and represents a strong risk factor for other retinal...

... peptide cardiac hypertrophy gene variant heart failure NT-proANP levels hypertension metabolic syndrome vascular damage In this regard, we have learned a lot from experimental animals and molecular genetic searches. Overexpression of NPPA via gene therapy in hypertensive mice lowered...

..., but there were no significant differences between patients with or without retinopathy. Degrees of FMD were inversely correlated with VEGF levels ( r =−0.351, P =0.031). Elevation of plasma VEGF was associated with hypertensive retinopathy. Plasma VEGF could be used as a marker of early vascular damage induced...