... The Author(s). Published by Portland Press Limited on behalf of the Biochemical Society and the Royal Society of Biology 2023 cryo-EM lipid rafts liquid-disordered liquid-ordered nanodomains phase separation Structure–function relationships exist at all levels of biological organization...

... separation (LLPS). IDRs are frequently found to be enriched in phase-separated compartments. Due to this observation, the presence of an IDR in a protein is frequently assumed to be diagnostic of its ability to phase separate. In this review, we clarify the role of IDRs in biological assembly and explore...

... bind and thereby control local arp2/3-mediated actin assembly in kidney cells [ 45–47 ]. In their landmark study Li et al. [ 2 ] showcased how such multivalent signaling proteins form phase-separated compartments depending on the phosphorylation state of nephrin. Above the saturation concentration...

... between R-DPRs and aberrations in liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS). In this review, we showcase several potential mechanisms by which R-DPRs disrupt various phase-separated compartments to elicit deleterious neurodegeneration. We also discuss potential therapeutic strategies to counter R-DPR toxicity...

...M. Sankaranarayanan; Timothy T. Weil Drosophila eggs are highly polarised cells that use RNA–protein complexes to regulate storage and translational control of maternal RNAs. Ribonucleoprotein granules are a class of biological condensates that form predominantly by intracellular phase separation...

... recruited to super-enhancers create phase-separated condensates. Transcription initiates within or at the surface of these phase-separated droplets and the phosphorylation of Pol II, associated with transcription initiation and elongation, dissociates Pol II from these domains leading to engagement...