Type I collagen is the most abundant structural protein in vertebrates. It is a heterotrimeric molecule composed of two α1 chains and one α2 chain, forming a long uninterrupted triple helical structure with short non-triple helical telopeptides at both the N- and C-termini. During biosynthesis, collagen acquires a number of post-translational modifications, including lysine modifications, that are critical to the structure and biological functions of this protein. Lysine modifications of collagen are highly complicated sequential processes catalysed by several groups of enzymes leading to the final step of biosynthesis, covalent intermolecular cross-linking. In the cell, specific lysine residues are hydroxylated to form hydroxylysine. Then specific hydroxylysine residues located in the helical domain of the molecule are glycosylated by the addition of galactose or glucose-galactose. Outside the cell, lysine and hydroxylysine residues in the N- and C-telopeptides can be oxidatively deaminated to produce reactive aldehydes that undergo a series of non-enzymatic condensation reactions to form covalent intra- and inter-molecular cross-links. Owing to the recent advances in molecular and cellular biology, and analytical technologies, the biological significance and molecular mechanisms of these modifications have been gradually elucidated. This chapter provides an overview on these enzymatic lysine modifications and subsequent cross-linking.
Skip Nav Destination
Article navigation
May 2012
Issue Editors
-
Cover Image
Cover Image
- PDF Icon PDF LinkFront Matter
Review Article|
May 25 2012
Lysine post-translational modifications of collagen
Mitsuo Yamauchi;
Mitsuo Yamauchi
1
NC Oral Health Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, U.S.A.
1To whom correspondence should be addressed (email [email protected]).
Search for other works by this author on:
Marnisa Sricholpech
Marnisa Sricholpech
NC Oral Health Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, U.S.A.
Search for other works by this author on:
Publisher: Portland Press Ltd
Online ISSN: 1744-1358
Print ISSN: 0071-1365
© The Authors Journal compilation © 2012 Biochemical Society
2012
Essays Biochem (2012) 52: 113–133.
Citation
Iain Scott, Mitsuo Yamauchi, Marnisa Sricholpech; Lysine post-translational modifications of collagen. Essays Biochem 25 May 2012; 52 113–133. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bse0520113
Download citation file:
Sign in
Don't already have an account? Register
Sign in to your personal account
You could not be signed in. Please check your email address / username and password and try again.
Could not validate captcha. Please try again.