... transcription and rapid non-genomic actions. In this way, estrogen receptors in the brain participate in modulating neural differentiation, proliferation, neuroinflammation, cholesterol metabolism, synaptic plasticity, and behavior. Circulating sex hormones decrease in the course of aging, more rapidly...

...Thomas B.L. Kirkwood; Viktor I. Korolchuk; Jessica M. Hoffman; Yang Lyu; Scott D. Pletcher; Daniel E.L. Promislow Age is the single greatest risk factor for a wide range of diseases, and as the mean age of human populations grows steadily older, the impact of this risk factor grows as well...

...Thomas B.L. Kirkwood; Viktor I. Korolchuk; Patricia Razquin Navas; Kathrin Thedieck Ageing can be defined as the gradual deterioration of physiological functions, increasing the incidence of age-related disorders and the probability of death. Therefore, the term ageing not only reflects...

... for evolution through natural selection but are also a source of deleterious effects. It has since long been hypothesized that mutation accumulation in somatic cells of multicellular organisms could causally contribute to age-related cellular degeneration and death. Assays to detect different types of mutations...

...Thomas B.L. Kirkwood; Viktor I. Korolchuk; Rebecca Josefson; Rebecca Andersson; Thomas Nyström Ageing can be defined as a gradual decline in cellular and physical functions accompanied by an increased sensitivity to the environment and risk of death. The increased risk of mortality is causally...

... inheritance of phenotypes that affect protein-folding homoeostasis and ageing. * Correspondence: Olivia Casanueva (email [email protected] ). 23 2 2016 9 5 2016 © 2016 The Author(s) 2016 This is an open access article published by Portland Press Limited on behalf...